GAS vs. EVS: What are Automobiles Made of?

When compared to traditional cars, electric vehicles (EVs) require a broader spectrum of minerals for their motors and batteries.

In reality, an EV may have up to six times the minerals of a combustion car, making it 340 kg (750 lbs) heavier on average.

Based on statistics from the International Energy Agency (IEA), this infographic compares the minerals used in a typical electric car to those used in a normal gas automobile.

Note from the Editor: Steel and aluminium are not represented in the analysis. The mineral values apply to the whole vehicle, which includes motors and batteries.

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Heavy Batteries

Electric vehicle sales are increasing, and the mining sector is already struggling to keep up with the increased demand for minerals needed in EVs. This is because, unlike gas automobiles, which are powered by internal combustion engines, EVs are powered by massive, mineral-intensive batteries.

For example, a standard 60 kilowatt-hour (kWh) car battery same amount used in a Chevy Bolt—contains around 185 kilograms of minerals, or almost ten times the same as a regular vehicle battery (18 kg).

Battery performance, lifespan, and energy density are all dependent on graphite, cobalt,  nickel,  lithium, and manganese.  Additionally, an EV can have almost one mile copper cables within the stator to transform electrical energy to mechanical energy.

Five of the eight minerals on our list—nickel, graphite, cobalt, rare earths and lithium,—are not utilized in ordinary automobiles.

The IEA’s research utilizing a 75 kWh battery pack with an NMC 622 cathode  graphite anode is the basis for the minerals specified for the electric vehicle.

Graphite makes up the majority of the anode in EV batteries, making it the component with the highest weight. Although components made of manganese, nickel,  lithium and cobalt are themselves very tiny, when combined they form the cathode, that is a key factor in EV performance.

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Despite being heavier than in EVs, the engines of conventional automobiles use less minerals. Iron alloys, including stainless steels, structural steels,  iron base sintering metals, and also cast iron or even  aluminium alloyed parts, are typically used to create engine components.

Contrarily, EV motors frequently use rare earth permanent magnets and close to one mile copper cables to transform electrical energy to mechanical energy.

The Effect of EVs on the Metal Markets

The metals market is starting to feel the effects of EV market expansion, in addition to the vehicle sector.

By 2040, EVs with battery storage are expected to overtake consumer electronics as the main end-user of nickel, having already supplanted consumer electronics as the top consumer of lithium.

The total amount of nickel used in batteries of any new passenger EVs was 84,600 tonnes in H2 2021, up 59% from H2 2020. Additionally, an additional 107,200 tonnes lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) have been used in new car EV batteries worldwide, representing an 88 percent rise over last year.

Trying to secure the supplies of materials required for an EV revolution would continue to be a core issue, especially in light of the growing public support for electric cars and consumer acceptance of them.

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